Automark

Kenya stands as East Africa’s foremost business and transportation hub, with Mombasa Port facilitating 80% of the region’s trade. The nation’s ambitious Kenya Vision 2030 aims for a transformation into a middle-income country with a high quality of life for all citizens, emphasizing industrialization and environmental sustainability.

Key Economic Indicators:

Country Name: The Republic of Kenya

Population: 53 million

GDP Annual Growth: 7.1%

GDP Per Capita: $2,090

Inflation Rate: 6.3%

Interest Rate (AVG): 8.75%

Government Debt to GDP ratio (AVG): 70%

Exchange Rate: 1 USD = 146.90 Kenyan Shilling

Strategic Imperatives: Exporters targeting the Kenyan market must adopt a focused approach, conducting thorough market research and understanding local preferences. Developing quality products at competitive prices is crucial, alongside forging strategic partnerships to navigate the dynamic market landscape.

Export Potential to Kenya: Kenya presents opportunities for exporters, particularly in automotive batteries, tyres, spare parts, ball bearings, water pumps, and electronics. African buyers, often price-sensitive, seek low-cost goods, presenting a niche market for exporters.

Tariff Structure:Kenya maintains a favorable tariff structure for the import of vehicles, tractor parts and accessories, with average tariffs ranging from 2.4% to 23.1%. This have to study in accordingly your H.S. Code and see your Kenya market potential.

Market Analysis: Examining Kenya import trends, we observe a substantial demand for vehicles and related accessories, with top importing countries including Japan, India, China, South Africa & Thailand, Germany, United Kingdom, Brazil, Turkey, Korea and Mexico. Delving deeper into specific product categories, we identify H.S. Code 87.., encompassing parts and accessories for tractors and motor vehicles, as a promising avenue for export expansion.

In conclusion, Kenya’s automotive market offers ample opportunities for exporters willing to tap into its burgeoning economy. With the right strategy and a keen understanding of local dynamics, exporters can establish a strong foothold.

By Mashood Khan :  Director – Mehran Commercial Enterprises / Expert Auto Sector / Former Chairman PAAPAM

Dear Readers: in continuation of last month’s article Crafted with Care: The Human Touch Behind Automotive Excellence is based on its philosophy that elevates the automotive experience, reminding us that the most extraordinary cars are not born on assembly lines, but in the hearts and minds of dedicated individuals who transfer their passion into every drive. As we celebrate the human touch behind automotive excellence, we also honor the rich heritage that informs every design and every decision. Whether drawing inspiration from classic models or pushing the boundaries of technology, automotive craftsmen strike a delicate balance between tradition and innovation, ensuring that each vehicle embodies the spirit of its lineage while embracing the possibilities of the future.

With regards to the vehicle’s outer appearance and performance, the most important for the customer is the vehicle’s interior and Engine Performance, so all of the components inside a vehicle are part of a car that the driver and passengers see most of the time and experience most closely, Automotive technology is the practical application of knowledge about self-propelled vehicles, consider the fast-moving technology are being used by vehicle manufactures and are well considered for the safety as a priority.

In the heart of every automobile lies a symphony of controlled explosions – the internal combustion engine. Often relegated to the realm of horsepower figures and oil changes, this marvel of engineering deserves a closer look. It’s a testament to human ingenuity, a meticulously crafted dance of physics and chemistry that propels us forward. “Behind the Horsepower: Unraveling the Engineering Marvel of an Engine” invites us to peer beneath the surface of the automotive world and discover the incredible complexity and ingenuity that powers our vehicles. From the birth of power in the combustion chamber to the precision engineering that defines modern engines, the journey to unravel the mysteries of the engine is as fascinating as the roads it propels us down.

So, join us as we embark on this adventure of discovery and marvel at the engineering marvel that is the heart of the automobile. In an age dominated by automation and mass production, the essence of true craftsmanship endures as a beacon of distinction. As we delve into the world of automotive excellence, we pay homage to the artisans who honor tradition while embracing innovation. Each vehicle is not merely a product of assembly lines but a labor of love, meticulously crafted by skilled hands that breathe life into steel and leather.

A Controlled Combustion Chamber. Beyond absolute power, today’s engines are also engineered with an eye toward efficiency and sustainability. From direct injection to variable valve timing, these technologies optimize fuel consumption and reduce emissions without compromising performance. As the automotive industry embraces electrification and alternative fuels, engines continue to evolve, ushering in a new era of cleaner, greener mobility. At its core, the engine is a sophisticated air pump. Air and fuel are meticulously mixed and drawn into cylinders. A spark ignites this volatile cocktail, creating a controlled explosion that pushes a piston down. This reciprocating motion, multiplied across multiple cylinders, translates into the rotational force that turns the wheels. This seemingly simple process relies on a complex group of components working in perfect harmony.

• Valves: Like the lungs of the engine, valves precisely control the intake and exhaust of air and fuel.valves are critical in directing the flow of air, fuel, and exhaust gases. These unsung heroes, meticulously timed and precisely engineered, orchestrate the very essence of engine operation – the controlled combustion cycle.
• (i) Intake Valves: These valves are responsible for allowing fresh air (or air-fuel mixture in some cases) into the combustion chamber during the intake stroke. They are typically larger than exhaust valves to allow for a sufficient amount of air to enter the cylinder for optimal combustion.
• (ii) Exhaust Valves: Once the combustion process is complete, exhaust valves open during the exhaust stroke, allowing the spent gases to escape the cylinder and exit the engine. These valves are subjected to high temperatures and require robust materials to withstand the harsh environment.

• Pistons and Connecting Rods: These tireless workhorses convert the force of the explosion into a linear motion.In the pulsating heart of an internal combustion (IC) engine, a dynamic duo tirelessly translates the fury of combustion into usable power: the piston and connecting rod. These synchronized players are crucial for converting the explosive force within the cylinders into the rotational motion that drives your car forward. Pistons and connecting rods are the unsung heroes of the IC engine. Their robust design, precise movement, and modern advancements ensure the efficient conversion of combustion force into usable power. As engine technology continues to develop, these crucial components will undoubtedly play a vital role in shaping the future of internal combustion engines.
• Crankshaft: This maestro transforms the pistons’ up-and-down motion into rotational force, ultimately driving the wheels.n the intricate world of the internal combustion (IC) engine, a vital component conducts the symphony of power – the crankshaft. This maestro translates the reciprocating (up-and-down) motion of the pistons into the rotational force that drives your car forward. It’s a testament to engineering ingenuity, transforming linear bursts of energy into smooth, continuous rotation. The crankshaft is the heart of the IC engine’s power delivery system. Its robust design, precise engineering, and modern advancements ensure the smooth and efficient conversion of combustion force into rotational motion. As engine technology continues to develop, the crankshaft will undoubtedly remain a vital component, playing a key role in the future of internal combustion engines.
• Camshaft: The conductor of the symphony, the camshaft precisely controls the opening and closing of valves.The camshaft plays a critical role in the heart of an IC engine. Its precise design and operation are essential for efficient combustion, optimal performance, and cleaner emissions. As engine technology continues to advance, camshafts will undoubtedly evolve with new functionalities and materials, remaining a vital component in the future of internal combustion engines. In the intricate world of the internal combustion (IC) engine, the camshaft acts as the conductor of a finely tuned orchestra. This crucial component precisely controls the opening and closing of the engine’s valves, ensuring the timely intake of air and fuel, and the efficient expulsion of exhaust gases. It’s the hidden hand that dictates the engine’s breathing rhythm, directly influencing performance, efficiency, and emissions.
• Ignition System: A precisely timed spark ignites the air-fuel mixture at the optimal moment.the ignition system acts as the spark of life. It’s responsible for generating the high-voltage spark that ignites the air-fuel mixture within the engine’s cylinders, initiating the combustion process that propels your car forward. There are two main types of ignition systems used in IC engines. The ignition system plays a vital role in ensuring efficient and smooth engine operation. By generating the crucial spark at the right time, it initiates the combustion process that propels your vehicle. As engine technology continues to develop, ignition systems will undoubtedly become more sophisticated, utilizing advancements in electronics and materials for even better performance, efficiency, and reliability.
• Fuel System: Delivers a precise amount of fuel to the engine, ensuring efficient combustion.The fuel system in an internal combustion (IC) engine is the lifeline, meticulously delivering the necessary fuel for the combustion process that keeps your car moving. Here’s a breakdown of this vital system. The fuel system is the unsung hero of the IC engine. By delivering clean fuel in the right amount and at the right time, it ensures smooth operation, efficient power generation, and cleaner emissions. As engine technology continues to develop, fuel systems will undoubtedly evolve to meet future demands for efficiency, performance, and environmental responsibility.

Beyond the Basics: Modern engines are a far cry from their rudimentary ancestors. Technological advancements have revolutionized performance and efficiency, The internal combustion (IC) engine, while a marvel of engineering, offers a fascinating world to explore beyond the fundamentals. As you delve deeper, you’ll discover intricate concepts and cutting-edge advancements that push the boundaries of performance and efficiency. The internal combustion engine, despite its limitations, has been a transformative force. It has powered our transportation revolution, fueled economic growth, and driven human exploration. However, the future beckons with the promise of cleaner alternatives.

• Computerized Engine Management: In the realm of internal combustion (IC) engines, the shift from mechanical simplicity to computerized control has been a revolution. Enter Computerized Engine Management (CEM), the invisible conductor that orchestrates a symphony of precise actions within your engine. Electronic control units precisely manage fuel injection, ignition timing, and other critical parameters, optimizing performance and minimizing emissions. CEM is a testament to the transformative power of technology in the automotive industry. By taking the reins from mechanical systems, ECUs have revolutionized how IC engines operate, ensuring efficiency, performance, and cleaner emissions. As technology continues to evolve, one thing remains certain: the role of CEM in shaping the future of the automobile is far from over.

• Turbochargers and Superchargers: These ingenious devices force more air into the engine, boosting power output. In the high-octane world of performance engines, two technologies reign supreme when it comes to squeezing out extra power: turbochargers and superchargers. Both achieve the same goal – forcing more air into the engine for a bigger bang – but they do it in very different ways. Let’s delve into the world of forced induction and see which method might be the perfect fit for your need for speed. Whether you crave the delayed punch of a turbo or the immediate surge of a supercharger, both offer exciting ways to unleash the hidden potential within your engine. By understanding their strengths and weaknesses, you can choose the technology that best suits your driving desires and propels you toward an exhilarating ride.
• Direct Injection: Precisely injecting fuel directly into the cylinder allows for a more efficient burn. In the realm of internal combustion (IC) engines, the quest for efficiency and performance has led to a technological marvel – Direct Injection (DI). Unlike traditional fuel injection systems that spray fuel into the intake manifold, DI injects fuel directly into the cylinder, right next to the spark plug. This seemingly simple change unlocks significant advantages for modern engines. Direct injection is a game-changer in the world of IC engines. By delivering fuel precisely where it’s needed, DI unlocks a path toward cleaner, more powerful, and fuel-efficient engines. As technology continues to advance, Direct Injection is poised to remain a cornerstone of the internal combustion engine for years to come.

Takeaway from this article:

As we strive for a sustainable future, the internal combustion engine is undergoing a metamorphosis. Hybrid and electric vehicles are gaining traction, offering a glimpse into a future where engines may not roar, but the spirit of innovation continues to propel us forward. The internal combustion engine may be a complex machine, but its fundamental principles are a testament to human ingenuity. From the controlled explosions within its chambers to the technological advancements that have transformed it, the engine is a story of how human creativity shapes the world around us. It may not be the heart of a car, but it’s the undeniable force that keeps it beating.

This exclusive article has been written by Muhammad Rafique sahib for Automark Magazine’s April-2024 printed and digital edition.

Dear Readers in recent years, the automotive industry has witnessed a significant surge in demand for hybrid and electric vehicles (EVs) worldwide. While both technologies promise eco-friendly transportation solutions, there’s been a notable trend favoring hybrid vehicles over pure electric alternatives in various regions across the globe. This article delves into a comprehensive comparative analysis of market demand trends for hybrid and electric vehicles on a regional scale, exploring the driving factors behind the increasing momentum of hybrid vehicles in comparison to EVs.

1. North America:
   • North America has been a significant market for both hybrid vehicles and EVs. Historically, hybrid vehicles gained popularity earlier than EVs in this region due to the introduction of models like the Toyota Prius. However, EV adoption has been steadily increasing, driven by factors such as government incentives, environmental concerns, and improvements in EV technology.
   • In recent years, there has been a growing preference for EVs, particularly in states like California, which have stringent emission regulations and incentives for zero-emission vehicles.
2. Europe:
   • Europe has been at the forefront of EV adoption, with several countries implementing ambitious plans to phase out internal combustion engine vehicles in favor of electric vehicles. Norway, for example, has seen a significant increase in EV sales, supported by generous subsidies and incentives.
   • Hybrid vehicles also have a presence in the European market, but EVs have been gaining more traction, especially in countries like Germany, France, and the Netherlands.
3. Asia-Pacific:
   • The Asia-Pacific region, particularly countries like China and Japan, has emerged as a major market for both hybrid vehicles and EVs. China, in particular, has been aggressively promoting EV adoption through incentives, subsidies, and regulations aimed at reducing pollution and dependence on imported oil.
   • Japan has a strong automotive industry and has been a leader in hybrid vehicle technology, with companies like Toyota leading the market. However, Japan is also investing heavily in EV infrastructure and promoting EV adoption.
   • Other countries in the Asia-Pacific region, such as South Korea and India, are also seeing increasing interest in both hybrid and electric vehicles, driven by factors like urbanization, pollution concerns, and government policies.
4. Latin America and the Middle East/Africa:
   • Hybrid and electric vehicles have been slower to gain traction in these regions compared to regions like North America, Europe, and Asia-Pacific. Factors such as infrastructure limitations, affordability, and consumer preferences for traditional gasoline-powered vehicles have contributed to this slower adoption.
   • However, there is growing awareness of the environmental benefits of hybrid and electric vehicles in these regions, and some countries are starting to offer incentives and develop infrastructure to support their adoption.

Overall, while hybrid vehicles have been a transitional technology bridging the gap between conventional gasoline vehicles and fully electric vehicles, the market trend is increasingly favoring electric vehicles as technology advances, costs decrease, and governments worldwide implement policies to address climate change and air quality concerns.

Growing Momentum of Hybrid Vehicles: Exploring the Global Shift Away from Pure Electric Vehicles

Introduction

In recent years, the automotive industry has witnessed a significant shift towards more sustainable transportation options, driven primarily by concerns over climate change and environmental sustainability. Among the various alternatives, electric vehicles (EVs) have garnered substantial attention for their potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and dependence on fossil fuels. However, despite the growing popularity of EVs, hybrid vehicles have been gaining momentum worldwide. This essay aims to delve into the reasons behind the increasing preference for hybrid vehicles over pure EVs on a global scale.

Understanding Hybrid Vehicles

Hybrid vehicles combine the benefits of traditional internal combustion engines with electric propulsion systems. They utilize both gasoline engines and electric motors to power the vehicle, offering improved fuel efficiency and reduced emissions compared to conventional vehicles. Hybrid systems come in various configurations, including parallel, series, and plug-in hybrids, each offering distinct advantages in terms of performance, efficiency, and environmental impact.

Factors Driving the Momentum of Hybrid Vehicles

1. Infrastructure and Range Anxiety: One of the primary concerns associated with pure EVs is range anxiety – the fear of running out of battery charge before reaching a charging station. Despite significant advancements in charging infrastructure, including the proliferation of fast-charging stations, range limitations remain a significant barrier for EV adoption, particularly in regions with limited charging infrastructure. Hybrid vehicles alleviate this concern by offering the flexibility of using both gasoline and electric power, eliminating range anxiety and providing drivers with the convenience of refueling at traditional gas stations.
2. Cost Considerations: While the cost of EVs has been declining steadily, they still tend to be more expensive than their conventional counterparts, primarily due to the high cost of batteries. Hybrid vehicles, on the other hand, typically have a lower upfront cost compared to pure EVs, making them a more financially accessible option for consumers. Additionally, hybrid vehicles benefit from existing manufacturing infrastructure and supply chains, further contributing to their affordability.
3. Technology Maturity and Reliability: Hybrid technology has been in existence for several decades and has undergone significant refinement and improvement over time. As a result, hybrid vehicles are perceived as more mature and reliable compared to EVs, which are still relatively nascent in terms of technological development. Consumers may feel more confident in the reliability and longevity of hybrid vehicles, particularly in markets where EV adoption is still in its early stages.
4. Versatility and Flexibility: Hybrid vehicles offer greater versatility and flexibility compared to pure EVs, particularly in regions with diverse driving conditions and infrastructure challenges. In areas with harsh climates or limited charging infrastructure, hybrid vehicles provide a practical alternative that can adapt to various driving scenarios without compromising performance or convenience. Moreover, hybrid technology can be implemented across a wide range of vehicle types, including sedans, SUVs, and trucks, catering to diverse consumer preferences and market segments.
5. Environmental Impact and Emission Reduction: While pure EVs are often hailed as the ultimate solution for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and combating air pollution, hybrid vehicles also play a significant role in environmental sustainability. By combining electric propulsion with efficient gasoline engines, hybrid vehicles offer substantial reductions in fuel consumption and tailpipe emissions compared to conventional vehicles. While they may not be zero-emission vehicles like EVs, hybrids still contribute to overall emission reduction efforts and can serve as a transitional technology towards a greener transportation future.
6. Government Policies and Incentives: Government policies and incentives play a crucial role in shaping consumer preferences and driving the adoption of clean vehicles. In many regions, governments offer various incentives, such as tax credits, rebates, and subsidies, to encourage the purchase of hybrid vehicles. These incentives help offset the higher upfront costs associated with clean vehicles and make hybrids more attractive to consumers. Additionally, regulatory measures, such as fuel efficiency standards and emissions regulations, incentivize automakers to invest in hybrid technology as a means of complying with environmental mandates while maintaining market competitiveness.
7. Consumer Perception and Familiarity: Despite the growing awareness and acceptance of EVs, some consumers remain skeptical about the practicality and convenience of all-electric vehicles. Range anxiety, charging infrastructure limitations, and concerns over battery life and replacement costs contribute to consumer apprehension towards EV adoption. In contrast, hybrid vehicles offer a familiar driving experience similar to conventional vehicles, easing the transition for consumers who may be hesitant to fully embrace electric mobility. The proven reliability and performance of hybrid technology further enhance consumer confidence and acceptance.

Conclusion

In conclusion, hybrid vehicles are experiencing a surge in popularity worldwide, driven by a combination of factors ranging from infrastructure limitations and cost considerations to technology maturity and consumer preferences. While pure electric vehicles continue to garner significant attention for their potential to revolutionize the automotive industry and mitigate environmental impacts, hybrid vehicles offer a pragmatic and versatile solution that addresses the practical concerns and preferences of consumers. As the automotive landscape evolves and sustainability remains at the forefront of global priorities, hybrid vehicles are poised to play a pivotal role in shaping the future of transportation, bridging the gap between conventional internal combustion engines and the electrified future.

This exclusive article has been published in Automark Magazine’s April-2024, printed edition. Written by Aqeel Bashir sb.

1947 is the year when Karachi saw a huge influx of emigrants from all over India. In 1947 Karachi population was 450,000 and by 1951 population had crossed one million. In 1950 Karachi improvement trust was established, this institution was primarily responsible for the expansion and management of Karachi city. This trust has given additional responsibility for the management of city transport. But KIT was heavily burdened with the settlement problems of refugees and will not able to make any progress towards the solution of transport problem of the city. Resultantly a new establishment namely Karachi Transport Syndicate introduced and a fleet of 280 buses handed over to this syndicate by the Federal Government. In 1957 the population of Karachi becomes 16 million and city was expanded manifold. Many new housing colonies popped up. So these 280 buses could not solve Karachi public transport problem in any way. By 1957 Karachi transport syndicate was vanished. In 1957 the Karachi administration again made very high plans for Karachi public transport issues and established “Karachi Road Transport Corporation” it is a sort of public private partnership. This corporation brought 324 normal buses and 24 double decker buses on the roads of Karachi. This was the first public transport facilitators who established adequate bus depots with full-fledged workshop facilities but by 1964 this organization became bankrupt due to Un-known reasons.

In 1971 Pakistan was broken and West Pakistan becomes whole Pakistan which compromises of four provinces. Karachi became the capital of Sindh province and transportation became a provincial subject. A brand new organization namely Sindh Transport Corporation S.R.T.C came into being. As Karachi is a mega city a separate division of SRTC was created exclusively for Karachi with the name of Karachi Transport Corporation KTC, the initial fleet of this new corporation was comprises of 2000 buses. This organization could not sustain more than 5 years after that some halfhearted efforts were made by city governments but no integrated system can be introduced for public transport system. For many years Karachites were the victims of Transport Mafia they were forced to travel on the roofs of buses and mini buses. After many years of hardships, now there are some says of lights in total darkness. The first Bus rapid transport system – B.R.T.S, namely green line was started upon the instruction of then Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif in February 2016. This was completed and become operational in December 2021. The length of this system is 18 kilometersand around 140 buses plying in this system.

These buses are hybrid and more than one lakh thirty five thousand peoples are commuting daily. Frequency of buses are one bus after every three minutes. This is the third year of this service and running very successfully. Furthermore in the meanwhile an extended route with the name of Orange Line linked with Green Line the total length of this corridor is 4 kilometer, this corridor will facilitate the passengers of Orangi Town. Orangi Town itself having the population of 2.4 million and the area of this town is expanded around 57 square kilometer.

The second mega BRTS project was announced by the Sindh Government which is called Red Line project. Red Line bus route will start from model colony and will end at tower. Project was physically started in August 2022 and its completion was expected by 2024. Unfortunately construction work is not very smooth and often seems to be halted. Even presently the progress is totally stopped. In these circumstances the completion maybe delayed by a year or so. This project is funded by a consortium which includes Asian Development Bank, Asian infrastructure Bank the French Agency for development and the Green climate fund. The project will comprise of 26.5 kilometer length. This project will directly benefit 1.5 million. Karachites and daily expected ridership will be around 350,000 citizens of Karachi. One more very soothing aspect of the project is that 50,000 fruit bearing trees will be planted across the corridor as a part of project.

Transport & Mass Transit Department of Sindh claims that. It is a zero emission transportation system. As 250 redline buses will be Bio Hybrid buses and will use bio gas as fuel. A bio gas plant is being established at Landhi, adjacent to cattle colony which will provide environment friendly fuel locally produced.

The only thing which is not known that when this project will be complete. However you can see red and white buses in Karachiwhich are running on city’s normal roads. This looks a stand by arrangement by Sindh Government. In total these buses are 290 out which 40 white buses are operated on electric. They can travel up to 240 kilometer on a 20 minutes charge they exclusively use solar energy. Solar energy charging station has already established by Sindh Government. The seating capacity of these buses are 30 passengers with additional space for 40 standing passengers. Unfortunately this electric white buses are now missing from the Karachi roads. It is learnt that 25 out 40 buses are grounded due to technical failure. A new consignment of 160 white EV buses is also reached on Karachi port.

A part from this in the first phase 250 red buses are running on seven different routes and will cover 250 kilometer distance in total. Furthermore two more BRTS line are at planning stage which are called Blue Line and Yellow Line. Blue Line will extended from Merewether Tower in Central Karachi to Baharia Town in North East Karachi at a total length of 30 kilometers.Under the project 357,000 passengers will be able to travel annually. Yellow Line will connect NumaishChowrangi with Landhi and Korangi which are eastern and north eastern parts of Karachi.

Still most of the plans and promises of the Government are not fulfilled and one can see most of the lower income group of Karachites are still sitting upon the roofs of buses and overloaded three wheelers called Ching Chee are still order of the day in this mega city.

About the Interviewee: “Dr. Alamgir Khan Unveils the Future of Agro-Engineering – Dive into the mind of a patriot and innovator,
Dr. Alamgir Khan, who is revolutionizing agriculture with engineering. His pioneering work in launching a bachelor’s degree in Agro-Industrial Engineering Technology is setting the stage for a sustainable future. This interview is not just a read; it’s a call to action for policymakers, academicians, and practitioners alike. Discover how Dr. Alamgir’s dedication is transforming the backbone of our country. A must-read for visionaries and changemakers.
Engr. Mansoor Rizvi, the interviewer and advisor at Automark International, expresses his gratitude to Engr. Dr. Alamgir on behalf of Automark for taking the time to participate in this esteemed interview.

Question 1: Dear Dr. Khan, could you please provide a brief overview of your contributions to the advancement of agricultural engineering in both Pakistan and Canada?

First and foremost, I would like to express my sincere gratitude for the opportunity to discuss my professional journey on this esteemed platform. Commencing my career in 1988 at the Agricultural Mechanization Research Institute (AMRI), I undertook various assignments that led to significant milestones:

• Established a cutting-edge laboratory in Pakistan dedicated to the rigorous testing of sprayers and spray nozzles, positioning it as a central national resource for advancing pesticide application techniques in the country.
• Played a pivotal role as the coordinator of the National Task Force, constituted by the Federal Ministry of Industries and Special Initiatives, contributing significantly to the enhancement of cotton ginning machinery in Pakistan. Implemented innovative features resulting in a 60% increase in machine output, garnering a prestigious recognition through an award.
• Successfully engineered and introduced multiple farm machines and mechanization techniques, with the majority being successfully commercialized.
• Contributed to a team effort aimed at improving saline sodic soil with a hardpan in Sheikhupura area of Punjab, Pakistan. Assisted in the development and application of a ripper (bulldozer attached) to effectively break the soil hardpan. Implemented strategies involving the incorporation of gypsum and green manuring, resulting in improved soil health and subsequently enhancing crop yield.

Additionally, I served as a National Resource Expert at the Small and Medium Enterprise Development Authority (SMEDA), conducting training sessions in Punjab and Sindh focused on:
a) Selection of sprayers and pesticide application techniques.
Impact of spray application pressure for reaching target
Microscopic dimensionsphotographic system for spray droplet spectrum

b)Optimal utilization of farm machinery for efficient mechanized farming practices.
Mobile wheat Straw baler
Seed cleaner and grader

c) Introduction to modern cotton ginning machines and comprehensive guidance on their operational procedures.

Improved and standardized cotton Ginstand
Standardized critical components of cotton Ginstand

Newly developed inspection gauges

Question 2: What inspired your journey to Canada, and what valuable insights or experiences did you gain during your time there?
I embarked on my journey to Canada with the goal of pursuing my Ph.D. Engineering degree, aiming to cultivate innovative skills within the dynamic academic landscape. Simultaneously, I explored options for the treatment and care of my special needs son, Muhammad Ossayd Khan.
Throughout my tenure at both the University of Guelph (UoG) and Memorial University, where I served as a graduate research assistant, graduate teaching assistant, and post-doctorate research fellow, I made substantial contributions to various impactful assignments:
a)Pioneering innovative techniques for the bioremediation of petroleum-contaminated soil.
Microbial enumeration system and allied laboratory set up at University of Guelph, Canada
Illustrative representation of the bio-remediation testing system for soil contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons

b) Analyzing historical data to assess the impact of climate change on frost-free days in Ontario.
c) Implementing vegetative filter strips for effective watershed management.
d) Spearheading the development of hydrochar to enhance soil health and facilitate vegetable cultivation in controlled environments. There was a special emphasis on optimizing the light spectrum for the high-quality production of vegetables in greenhouse.

Question 3: What stands out as your primary contribution as an academic expert?
In Pakistan, despite its agricultural prominence, there is a significant shortage of qualified industrial experts/technicians to support agro-based industries. The majority of these industries in the country operate as small or medium enterprises, with some adhering to seasonal operational cycles. Unfortunately, many of these mills are overseen by illiterate machinists who lack exposure to globally advanced systems. This dearth of qualified industrial technicians results in compromises in automation, product quality, and poses challenges in export efforts.
As previously discussed, my initial contribution centered on improving cotton ginning machinery. The resounding success of this national-level initiative boosted my confidence, prompting me to focus more extensively on the agro-based industry.
Through formal collaboration with stakeholders, I dedicated my efforts to crafting an innovative curriculum, resulting in the successful launch of a demand-driven flagship degree program, “B.Sc. Agro-Industrial Engineering Technology,” which received widespread acclaim nationwide. Additionally, I played a crucial role in facilitating the formal enhancement and authentication of the newly developed curriculum through the National Curriculum Review Committee (NCRC) of the Pakistan Higher Education Commission (HEC).
My commitment extends to contributing expertise to the Pakistan Engineering Council and the National Technology Council of Pakistan. In these capacities, I serve as a team member or team leader for the evaluation of multiple engineering and technology degree programs across the country.
Additionally, I played a key role in the establishment of MNS University of Agriculture, Multan (MNSUAM), serving as a team member. This involved formulating a master plan for developing 500 acres of barren land in Jalalpur Pirwala. Actively participating in the execution, I contributed to the creation of a new department and the successful implementation of a flagship degree program.

Question 4: Given your national and international expertise in improving soil health, particularly in light of its significance for agricultural practitioners in Pakistan, could you offer insights or recommendations on modern techniques to address and enhance soil health in Pakistan?
I acknowledge that the matter of soil health has grown increasingly urgent, presenting silent challenges for the farming community in Pakistan. Additionally, while water management endeavors to enhance conveyance efficiency, there is a notable lack of focus on improving water application efficiency. To tackle this critical concern, it is imperative to embrace modern techniques that can effectively enhance soil health. Here are some recommendations:

1. In the northern area where all season crop cannot be practiced, cover cropping should be introduced to protect and nourish the soil during off-seasons. Cover crops not only prevent soil erosion but also contribute organic matter, enhancing soil structure and fertility.
2. For crop protection, avoidexcessive use of synthetic chemicals and promote biological controls options. Organic practices enhance soil microbial activity, improve water retention, and contribute to the overall sustainability of agricultural systems.
3. Deficiency of organic matter in the Pakistani soil is a pressing concern. Increase the organic matter content of the soil by incorporating organic materials such as compost, crop residues, and animal manure. This enhances soil structure, water retention, and microbial activity.
   I am delighted to share my expertise in the preparation and application of aerobic compost to enrich soil fertility. Managing agricultural waste at the farm level is a formidable challenge mainly due to limited mechanization options, often resulting in harmful practices such as burning of farm wastes, which contributes to smog. In collaboration with Dr. Sarfraz Hashim at MNSUAM, we have successfully addressed this issue by developing a windrow turner. This innovative technology assists farmers in transforming farm waste into a valuable resource through large-scale aerobic composting, ensuring efficient aeration for the rapid degradation of agricultural waste.
   To optimize the benefits of compost in soil, enhance the sustained activity of beneficial microbes, and prevent compost loss, I recommend exploring subsurface compost application in the central and southern regions of Pakistan. These areas, characterized by harsh summers and intense sunlight, often experience challenges in retaining compost on the soil surface. The technology introduced by MNSUAM provides a swift and scalable solution to compost preparation, potentially improving soil health and creating new business opportunities in Pakistan.
   Considering the projected growth of the global compost market, estimated to reach approximately USD 5.7 billion by 2025, there is substantial potential for graduates in Agricultural Engineering to capitalize on emerging business prospects. By embracing this innovative approach, we can contribute to sustainable agricultural practices, promote soil health, improve soil water holding capacity, enhance water application efficiency and tap into the expanding market for compost products.

MNSUAM aerobic compost windrow turning system

Question 5: With your expertise from the Agricultural Mechanization Research Institute and international exposure, we seek your insights on improving local farm machines. Could you guide us on aligning them with global standards for successful export?
I take this opportunity to provide insights into the challenges associated with the quality of locally developed farm machines in Pakistan. Despite the commendable skills possessed by research organizations, academic institutions, and farm machine manufacturers in producing quality machinery, there is a noticeable weak connection due to their dispersed localities. I firmly believe that manufacturers earnestly desire to enhance the quality of their products, with a shared concern about the limited availability of standards, treatment/testing facilities, and necessary materials in close proximity to their industry.
The Agricultural Mechanization Research Institute (AMRI) has made significant strides in formulating specifications for farm machines, potentially serving as a pivotal step towards standardizing farm machinery in Pakistan. Concurrently, the Pakistan Standards and Quality Control Authority (PSQCA) is actively engaging with experts to develop standards that can guide manufacturers in producing reliable machines. Unfortunately, these efforts are not yielding the desired results, primarily due to absence of policy guidelines and poor linkage between stake holders. Pooling expertise can facilitate manufacturers in adhering to quality benchmarks, assisting farmers in selecting high-quality machines, and subsequently boosting the export of farm machinery.
To expedite the production of quality farm machines, it is crucial to consolidate available resources and streamline collaboration among all stakeholders by establishing “Farm Machine Production Parks (FMPPs)” in selected prime agricultural regions of the country. These regions should be chosen based on the concentration of agriculture for farmer feedback, research/academic organizations for regular guidance, and manufacturer and vendor support facilities. I strongly advocate for the creation of at least five such parks in strategic locations of Pakistan, namely Peshawar, Sialkot (Daska Tehsil), Multan, Quetta, and Tandojam, all of which exhibit substantial potential for establishing pioneering parks.
These FMPPs should serve as an autonomous body under the umbrella of provincial government. Special tax rebate may make the system a success. Though each FMPP should be headed by highly qualified and experienced agricultural engineer for a tenure of only three years and selection must be made by FMPP board of directors with approval of provincial government. These FMPPs would function as dedicated industrial estates for farm machinery, featuring essential sub-stations of government institutions and facilities, including:
i. Sub-stations of the Agricultural Engineering Institute (AEI), or AMRI in each FMPP.
ii. Sub-office of PSQCA for on-site regular inspection to ensure quality of farm machine with the assistance of AMRI, providing a stamp of approval to guarantee high quality for local farmers and instill international trust.
iii. Provincial ministry of industries to establish material banks with state-of-the-art facilities for on-site testing of materials and heat treatment options, ensuring the availability of required materials at each FMPP.
iv. Display centers to showcase both local and imported farm machines, providing farmers with an opportunity to visually assess and select machines that align with their specific needs.
v. Academic Institutions to open training centers with the collaboration of provincial agriculture departments and Technology Upgradation and Skill Development Company (TUSDEC) with the aim to offer regular training of intern students, farmers, farm machinery manufacturers, technical staff of agro-based industries and Agricultural Engineering field staff.
vi. Facilitation centers of Trade Development Authority (TDA) for regular updates on international needs and assistance to manufacturers for the adequate export of farm machines.

Question 6: What are your prospective insights regarding the innovative future trends in agricultural engineering?
I believe that agricultural engineering is a dynamic field, characterized by continuous evolution driven by rapid technological advancements. Professionals in this domain must remain up on the latest knowledge and developments. Key areas of emphasis encompass automated farm mechanization, the integration of robots in agriculture, innovative approaches to enhancing water application efficiency, advancements in smart structures for vertical farming (hydroponics, aquaponics, aeroponics) within controlled-environment, and value addition to crops through progressive measures in agro-based industries. Similarly, efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, combat climate change, and promote carbon-neutral development and clean energy in agriculture align with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals.
The integration of nano-technology is emerging as a promising option. The synergy between agricultural engineering and nano-technology fosters the development of novel agrochemicals, including nano-fertilizers and nano-pesticides. Agricultural engineering plays a fundamental role in development and usage of nano-technology, development of innovative equipment for applying nano agrochemicals and nano-sensors for disease identification.
Agricultural engineering involves not only traditional mechanical engineering but also branches like mechatronics, control engineering, information of things (IoT), and advanced knowledge of microbiology should be incorporated in the curriculum of Agricultural Engineering degree programs in Pakistan.
In Pakistan, numerous agro-based industries are overseen by skilled yet illiterate mechanics, facing challenges in adopting innovative advancements. Their limited proficiency in modern technology leads to increased operational costs, compromises on automation, and adversely affects product quality, impeding international competitiveness. To tackle this challenge, there is an urgent need to enhance agricultural engineering programs by introducing a new stream, such as B.Sc. Agro-industrial engineering technology, with a focus to produce skilled process engineering entrepreneurs to offer regular consultancy to the agro-based industry.
Implementing these recommendations could create a synergistic effect, leading to increased job opportunities and a boost in export potential. This approach aims to produce high-quality, value-added agricultural products, contributing to the growth and competitiveness of the agriculture sector.

About the Interviewee:
“Dr. Alamgir Khan Unveils the Future of Agro-Engineering – Dive into the mind of a patriot and innovator, Dr. Alamgir Khan, who is revolutionizing agriculture with engineering. His pioneering work in launching a bachelor’s degree in Agro-Industrial Engineering Technology is setting the stage for a sustainable future. This interview is not just a read; it’s a call to action for policymakers, academicians, and practitioners alike. Discover how Dr. Alamgir’s dedication is transforming the backbone of our country. A must-read for visionaries and changemakers.”
Engr. Mansoor Rizvi, the interviewer and advisor at Automark International, expresses his gratitude to Engr. Dr. Alamgir on behalf of Automark for taking the time to participate in this esteemed interview.

Snow mode, also known as winter mode, is a feature equipped with many modern Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) cars and Electric Vehicles (EVs) to enhance traction and stability in slippery or snowy conditions. Snow mode adjusts various vehicle systems, such as traction control, throttle response, transmission shift points, and sometimes suspension settings.

The specific functionality can vary between ICE cars and EVs, but the general purpose is to optimize the vehicle’s performance in adverse weather conditions.

A:Snow Mode in ICE Cars:

1. Traction Control:
2. Snow mode often adjusts the vehicle’s traction control system. Traction control helps prevent wheel spin during acceleration by reducing engine power or applying brakes to specific wheels. In snow mode, the traction control system may be less aggressive to allow for a certain amount of wheel slip, which can help prevent wheels from spinning excessively on slippery surfaces like snow or ice, allowing the vehicle to maintain traction and move forward more effectively.

• Stability Control:
• In addition to traction control, snow mode may also adjust the vehicle’s stability control system to help maintain stability during cornering and sudden maneuvers on slippery surfaces. Stability control systems are designed to prevent skidding and loss of control. In snow mode, the stability control system may be adjusted to be less intrusive, allowing for more freedom of movement in situations where some wheel slip is acceptable.
• Throttle Response:

Snow mode alters the throttle response sensitivity. Making throttle less sensitive to inputs, helps to prevent rapid acceleration that could lead to wheel spin on slippery surfaces. This helps drivers maintain smoother acceleration, reducing the likelihood of wheel spin on slippery surfaces.

• Transmission Settings:
• Some vehicles with automatic transmissions have different shift patterns in snow mode. The transmission may start in a higher gear to minimize wheel spin during acceleration and the transmission’s shift points keep the vehicle in lower gears for longer, which can provide better traction and control in slippery conditions.
• Anti-Lock Braking System (ABS):
• Some snow modes may adjust the braking system to provide more gradual and controlled braking, reducing the risk of skidding on icy or snowy roads. Snow mode might also affect the ABS, which prevents wheel lockup during hard braking. The ABS in snow mode may be tuned to allow for a bit more wheel slip to optimize braking performance on slippery surfaces.
• Steering: In some advanced systems, snow mode may also adjust the steering response to provide better control and stability in snow or ice.

A: Snow Mode in EV Cars: In Electric Vehicles (EVs), the “snow mode” or “winter mode” is a feature designed to optimize the vehicle’s performance and handling in snowy or slippery conditions. While the specific functionalities can vary between different EV models and manufacturers, here are some common features associated with snow mode in electric vehicles:

1. Traction Control: Snow mode often adjusts the traction control system to provide a better grip on slippery surfaces. This may involve fine-tuning the power delivery to each wheel to prevent wheel spin and improve overall traction.

• Regenerative Braking: Some BEVs use regenerative braking to capture and store energy during deceleration. In snow mode, regenerative braking might be adjusted to be less aggressive to avoid wheel lock-up and maintain better control on icy or snowy roads.Regenerative braking captures energy during deceleration, but in snowy conditions, the system might be tuned to provide smoother and more predictable braking to avoid skidding.
• Power Delivery: Snow mode may modify how power is delivered to the wheels. It might optimize torque distribution between the front and rear axles to enhance stability and traction, especially in situations where one set of wheels may be slipping.
• Throttle Response: The sensitivity of the accelerator pedal (throttle response) may be altered in snow mode to prevent sudden acceleration, providing better control on slippery surfaces.
• Battery Management: In extremely cold conditions, maintaining the optimal temperature of the battery is crucial for performance. Snow mode may adjust the thermal management system to ensure that the battery operates efficiently in low temperatures.Snow mode may also affect the heating systems in the vehicle. It could prioritize warming up critical components, such as the battery, more quickly to ensure optimal performance in cold weather.
• Stability Control: Some EVs have stability control systems that can be adjusted in snow mode. These systems may intervene to help the driver maintain control by selectively applying brakes to individual wheels or adjusting power delivery.
• User Interface: In addition to the technical adjustments, snow mode may change the information displayed on the vehicle’s dashboard, providing feedback to the driver about road conditions and the status of various systems.

Summary:

ICE Vehicles: Specific features and behaviors associated with snow mode can vary between vehicles, depending on the vehicle make and model. Some vehicles may have a dedicated “Snow” mode, while others may incorporate these adjustments as part of a broader “Drive Mode” system that includes settings for different driving conditions (e.g., Normal, Eco, Sport, and Snow). Additionally, newer vehicles with advanced electronic stability control systems may automatically adjust various parameters based on sensors detecting slippery conditions, even without the driver manually selecting a snow mode.

EV Vehicles: It’s important to note that the availability and functionality of snow mode can vary, and not all EVs have a dedicated snow mode. Drivers should refer to the vehicle’s manual or consult with the manufacturer to understand how the snow mode operates in their specific EV model.

This exclusive article has been published in Automark Magazine’s March-2024 printed edition.

Egypt, with its strategic location, burgeoning population, and diverse economic landscape, presents a compelling opportunity for exports. As we delve into the economic indicators and trade dynamics of this vibrant nation, we uncover avenues for potential growth and market entry strategies.

Economic Overview: In 2021, Egypt’s GDP composition showcased the dominance of services, followed by manufacturing, other industrial activities, and agriculture. While private consumption fueled a significant portion of GDP, the country grappled with high inflation rates and substantial government debt. Despite economic challenges, Egypt remains an attractive destination for exporters, bolstered by its large population and strategic position in the MENA region.

Key Economic Indicators:
Country Name: The Arab Republic of Egypt
Population: 109.3 million
GDP Annual Growth: 3.2%
GDP Per Capita: $4,505
Inflation Rate: 29%
Interest Rate (AVG): 9.78%
Government Debt to GDP ratio (AVG): 86.7%
Exchange Rate: 1 USD = 30.90 Egyptian Pound

Trade and Transportation: Egypt’s trade routes via sea and air offer convenient access to global markets. Ports like Ain Sokhna and Damietta serve as vital gateways for maritime trade & tentatively arrival time between 12 to 20 days, with efficient transit times to and from major hubs like Karachi. Additionally, air connections between Jinnah Airport in Karachi and Egyptian destinations facilitate swift transportation, enabling seamless trade flows between the two nations.

Export Products with potential to EGYPT

Tariff Structure: Egypt maintains a favorable tariff structure for the import of tractor parts and accessories, with average tariffs ranging from 3.7% to 4.1%. This presents a conducive environment for exporters seeking to penetrate the market with related products.

Market Analysis: Examining Egypt’s import trends, we observe a substantial demand for vehicles and related accessories, with top importing countries including Germany, China, USA, Korea, UK, Czech Republic, Japan, India, and Turkey. Delving deeper into specific product categories, we identify H.S. Code 8708, encompassing parts and accessories for tractors and motor vehicles, as a promising avenue for export expansion.

Strategic Imperatives: For exporters eyeing the Egyptian market, a targeted approach focusing on identified product categories is paramount. Conducting thorough market research, understanding local preferences, and forging strategic partnerships are essential steps towards establishing a foothold in this dynamic market.

In conclusion, Egypt’s export potential is ripe for exploration, offering a gateway to the MENA region and beyond. With a proactive strategy and a nuanced understanding of market dynamics, exporters can capitalize on the myriad opportunities that this vibrant economy presents.

Mashood Khan
Director – Mehran Commercial Enterprises / Expert Auto Sector / Former Chairman PAAPAM. Published in Automark Magazine March-2024 printed edition.

In a world of automation, the human touch remains the ultimate mark of quality. It’s the difference between a machine and a work of art.” And according to – Enzo Ferrari “The true soul of a car lies not in its horsepower, but in the hearts and minds of the people who bring it to life.” And “The future of automobiles lies not in replacing humans, but in empowering them. Technology should amplify the human touch, not diminish it.” As we transition from the realm of customer service to the realm of crafted excellence, we recognize that the human touch extends far beyond the interactions between brands and customers. It permeates every aspect of the automotive lifecycle, from the initial design sketches to the final assembly line, leaving an indelible mark on the vehicles we drive and cherish.

As the customer service landscape embraces automation and digital solutions, the need for a “Crafted with Care” approach remains a vital element and touchup for the customers. In the automotive industry, where trust and reliability are dominant, customer service that goes beyond efficiency to convey empathy, understanding, and personalized attention can make a significant difference. As we embark on this journey, let us remember that behind every automotive marvel lies a story of dedication, passion, and a firm commitment to excellence. “Crafted with Care: The Human Touch Behind Automotive Excellence” invites you to take a closer look at the human side of automotive innovation, where the combination of creativity and engineering gives rise to vehicles that not only move us but inspire us, leaving an indelible mark on the road ahead. The “Human Touch Behind Automotive Excellence” is a compelling narrative that highlights the enduring value of human skill and dedication in a world increasingly dominated by technology. It’s a reminder that the best cars are not just feats of engineering, but also testaments to the human spirit and its unwavering pursuit of excellence.”Human Touch Behind Automotive Excellence” – a fascinating topic that delves into the heart and soul of what makes truly exceptional cars. While robots and automation play a significant role in modern manufacturing, there’s an undeniable magic woven by human skill, passion, and dedication that elevates a vehicle from a simple machine to a valued companion.

Beyond the assembly line, the human touch drives innovation, designers, engineers, and craftsmen collaborate to create vehicles that are not just modes of transportation but also extensions of the human experience. From ergonomic interiors to in-built interfaces, the human-centric approach ensures that every aspect of the vehicle is crafted with the user in mind. In an era of automation and mass production, the legacy of craftsmanship stands as a beacon of difference. Crafted with care, each vehicle becomes evidence of the enduring value of human skill, passion, and dedication. This legacy is not just a chapter in automotive history; it’s an ongoing story that shapes the future of automotive excellence. While automation plays an increasingly important role, the human touch remains irreplaceable. The future lies in a harmonious collaboration between humans and technology, where robots handle repetitive tasks, freeing up human expertise for creative problem-solving, design, and personalized customization.

The human touch is not just a nostalgic notion; this is a crucial differentiator in a competitive landscape. It’s about passion, dedication, and understanding the emotional connection drivers have with their cars. By connecting the power of human skill and creativity, the automotive industry can continue to craft not just vehicles, but experiences that resonate with the hearts and minds of drivers, paving the way for a future of mobility that is both innovative and deeply human. In this human-centric innovation, designers, engineers, and craftsmen converge to create vehicles that extend beyond utility, becoming seamless extensions of the human experience. The attention to detail becomes a symphony of luxury, transforming driving into an opulent and refined journey. As we delve into the craftsmanship legacy, it becomes clear that in an era dominated by automation and mass production, the human touch remains a beacon of distinction. Each vehicle, crafted with care, stands as evidence of the enduring value of human skill, passion, and dedication. It is not just transportation; it is an embodiment of the artistry that defines the soul of the automotive industry. Ah, the “Human Touch Behind Automotive Excellence” – a fascinating topic that delves into the heart and soul of what makes truly exceptional cars. While robots and automation play a significant role in modern manufacturing, there’s an undeniable magic woven by human skill, passion, and dedication that elevates a vehicle from a mere machine to a cherished companion.

Let’s explore some key aspects of this human touch:

Craftsmanship and Expertise:

(i) Experienced technicians: Seasoned mechanics and engineers bring their honed skills and deep understanding of mechanics to ensure precision assembly and meticulous attention to detail.

(ii) Designers with vision: From concept sketches to clay models, human creativity shapes the form and function of a car, imbuing it with personality and purpose.

(iii) Test drivers with passion: Pushing machines to their limits on rigorous test tracks, these individuals identify and refine performance, ensuring every drive is exhilarating and safe.

Dedication and Emotional Connection:

(i) Pride in workmanship: Taking ownership of their work, skilled professionals pour their dedication into every aspect of the manufacturing process, resulting in a palpable sense of quality and care.

(ii) Passion for the brand: When employees believe in the company’s vision and values, they go the extra mile, injecting a spirit of innovation and excellence into every car they build.

(iii) Understanding customer needs: By empathizing with drivers’ aspirations and concerns, designers and engineers create vehicles that resonate with their hearts and enhance their lives on the road.

Examples of the Human Touch in Action:

(i) Hand-stitched leather interiors: The tactile luxury of meticulously crafted upholstery speaks volumes about a car’s commitment to quality and comfort.

(ii) Fine-tuned engine tuning: Expert calibration by experienced technicians unlocks the full potential of an engine, resulting in a thrilling driving experience. (iii) Bespoke customization options: The ability to personalize a car with unique touches reflects the understanding that each driver has their own story and preferences.
The Impact of the Human Touch: Beyond the tangible qualities, the human touch injects a soul into a car. It fosters trust and loyalty, making owning such a vehicle a cherished experience. It signifies a commitment to human values like dedication, passion, and attention to detail, setting these cars apart in a world of mass production. In conclusion, “Crafted with Care: The Human Touch Behind Automotive Excellence” invites us to appreciate not only the vehicles we drive but the hands that meticulously shape them. It is a reminder that, in the pursuit of automotive excellence, the human touch is not just a cherished tradition; it is the very essence that breathes life into the extraordinary machines we admire and cherish.”Crafted with Care: The Human Touch Behind Automotive Excellence” is a celebration of the artisans whose hands bring life to the vehicles we cherish. It’s a recognition of the craftsmanship legacy that transcends generations, reminding us that in the realm of automotive excellence, the human touch remains an indispensable ingredient in creating vehicles that are not just driven but crafted with care. In the high-octane world of automobiles, where sleek designs and powerful engines often steal the spotlight, it’s the “Crafted with Care: The Human Touch” that truly sets exceptional vehicles apart.
Takeaway from this article:
“Crafted with Care: The Human Touch” is not just a tagline; it’s a philosophy that elevates the automotive experience, reminding us that the most extraordinary cars are not born on assembly lines, but in the hearts and minds of dedicated individuals who pour their passion into every drive. Looking ahead, the future of the automotive industry lies in a harmonious collaboration between human ingenuity and technological advancement. Automation will handle repetitive tasks, but the human touch will remain the guiding force, ensuring vehicles are crafted with empathy, understanding, and a commitment to excellence. But the impact of the human touch transcends the tangible. It fosters trust and loyalty, transforming a car from a machine into a cherished companion. It imbues vehicles with a soul, a personality that resonates with our dreams and aspirations, making the driving experience not just functional, but deeply human.

This exclusive article has been published in Automark Magazine March-2024 printed edition.

Globally, energy is regarded as one of the core elements of social well-being and anessential component of sustainable development. Balanced energy supply and demand are vital considerations for any country when it comes to providing clean, sustainable and affordable energy to consumers. For decades, Pakistan’s primary energy supply a mix has remained dominated by indigenous and imported fossils fuels. More than three fourth portion of the overall energy mix consist of gas and oil to meet energy demand.

The energy sector contributes almost 73% of global greenhouse gas emissions, highlighting the crucial need for a shift to cleaner and renewable energy sources for achieving net zero and a sustainable global future. Worldwide Road transportation accounted for 37% of all energy-related carbon dioxide emissions due to heavy reliance on petroleum-based fuels, making it the biggest cause of global warming. Comprehensive energy demand for petroleum will continue to expand and peak in the mid-2030s as energy consumption in the road sector is expected to increase by 1.26%, with a 1% growth in urbanization mostly taking place in Southeast Asia.

There has been a noticeable increase in the acceptance and use of electric vehicles (EVs) internationally and specially in Pakistan due to the rapid efforts made by government to encourage environmentally friendly vehicles in the transport sector, The government of Pakistan approved an ambitious National Electric Vehicles Policy (NEVP) in 2019 with the goal of electric vehicles comprising 30 percent of all passenger vehicle and heavy-duty truck sales by 2030 and an even more ambitious target of 90 percent by 2040 particularly through the electrification of vehicles to reduce GHG emissions.

Challenges & Barriers:

Public worries concerning the end-of-life management of EV batteries havegrown with their rising popularity. Batteries eventually need to be disposed of or recycled because they normally only have an 8-year lifespan. The possibility of reusing the batteries for various applications (i.e. energy storage systems) has attracted attention and important metals can also be recovered when recycling the battery’s components, lessening the negative effects on the environment. For disposal, appropriate safety measures must be taken to manage the batteries safely. Another issue is the electrical grid’s capacity to support the increasing demand for power and the availability of public charging networks. According to the study, there will be a huge increase in EVs on the road. Southeast Asia will face difficulties because of its poorly developed electric supply infrastructure. To preserve stability, it is crucial to enhance and extend distribution infrastructure, increase energy efficiency and integrate renewable energy sources into the grid, as well as prioritize sustainability, resiliency, equity, reliability and security when improving the electric power system. The investment and construction of charging infrastructure networks are also big hurdles to meet demand for expansion in the use of EVs in Asia and the Pacific over the next few years. Another pertinent issue is the source of electricity for charging EV batteries, which has implications for carbon emissions. If the electricity does not come from renewable or clean sources, it could lead to a mere shift in emissions and not contribute to reducing total carbon emissions.  

Due to the global effort to increase EVs, the demand for raw materials for rechargeable batteries is anticipated to increase, resulting in a shortage of resources and crucial metals like cobalt, lithium, nickel, manganese and graphite are essential minerals needed for EV batteries, and the demand for EVs is growing, resulting in pressure on the world’s lithium resources. Researchers have discovered that the demand for essential metals such as manganese, nickel, cobalt, and lithium could rise between 1,099% and 7,513% by the year 2050 compared to the demand in 2020.

The way forward

To create a sustainable transportation system, it is important to consider the direct impacts of different modes of transportation and the un-intended consequences of shifting toward more sustainable options. A combination of policies, technological advancements and social shifts will be needed to achieve sustainable transportation through a holistic approach that considers the entire transportation system, including infrastructure, energy sources and behavioral changes. This will require joint efforts from governments, academic institutions, industries and individuals. Comprehensive collaboration across various sectors to ensure a sustainable future and achieve the goal of sustainable transportation will require meaningful and practical measures that include the following:

Integrated Urban Planning: Cities should adopt integrated urban planning strategies that prioritize public transportation, pedestrian-friendly infrastructure and mixed-use development to reduce reliance on individual car ownership and encourage sustainable modes of transportation.

Expansion of Public Transit: Governments should invest in expanding and improving public transit systems, including bus rapid transit networks, light rail, and subway systems, to provide affordable and accessible alternatives to private vehicles owners.

Electrification of Fleets: Beyond passenger vehicles, electrifying commercial fleets, such as buses, delivery trucks and taxis, can significantly reduce emissions and improve air quality in urban areas.

Renewable Sources of Energy: To ensure that efforts are actually green and contribute to net zero, the energy used in transportation, including charging, should come from clean and renewable sources.

Smart Grid Technologies: Investing in innovative grid technologies and energy storage solutions can enhance the stability and reliability of the electrical grid, accommodating the increased demand for electricity from EV charging stations while maximizing the integration of renewable energy sources.

Innovative Financing Mechanisms: Governments should explore innovative financing mechanisms, such as congestion pricing, carbon pricing and tax incentives, to incentivize sustainable transportation choices and fund investments in infrastructure and technology.

EVs hold Momentous Promise in Instrumental Effects on Environment Top of Form

• Reduced Greenhouse Gas Emissions: EVs produce zero tailpipe emissions, which can significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions, especially when powered by renewable energy sources like solar or wind. This can help combat climate change and improve air quality in urban areas.
• Energy Efficiency: EVs are generally more energy-efficient than internal combustion engine vehicles. They convert a higher percentage of the energy from their batteries into power to move the vehicle, resulting in less energy waste and reduced overall energy consumption.
• Decreased Dependency on Fossil Fuels: By transitioning from gasoline and diesel vehicles to electric ones, societies can decrease their dependency on fossil fuels. This reduces the environmental impact of extracting, refining, and burning these fuels, as well as the geopolitical tensions associated with their sourcing.
• Technological Advancements: The growth of EVs industry has stimulated technological advancements in battery storage and renewable energy integration.
• Improvements in Infrastructure: The adoption of EVs has led to investments in charging infrastructure, which can also support renewable energy integration and grid stability. Additionally, smart charging technologies can optimize charging times to reduce strain on the grid during peak demand periods.

While electric vehicles offer many benefits for a sustainable future, challenges remain, such as the environmental impact of battery production, the need for further infrastructure development and addressing issues related to resource availability and recycling. However, with ongoing innovation, policy support, and collaborative efforts across industries, electric vehicles can certainly lead the way towards a more sustainable transportation system.

This exclusive article has been published in Automark Magazine’s March-2024 printed edition.